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The Roman conquest of the Hernici, an ancient Italic people, took place during the 4th century BC. For most of the 5th century BC the Roman Republic had been allied with the other Latin states and the Hernici to successfully fend off the Aequi and the Volsci. In the early 4th century BC this alliance fell apart. A war fought between Rome and the Hernici in the years 366 - 358 BC ended in Roman victory and the submission of the Hernici. Rome also defeated a rebellion by some Hernician cities in 307 - 306 BC. The rebellious Hernici were incorporated directly into the Roman Republic while those who had stayed loyal retained their autonomy and nominal independence. In the course of the following century the Hernici became indistinguishable from their Latin and Roman neighbours and disappeared as a separate people. ==The ''foedus Cassianum'' - 5th century BC== From at least the early fifth century BC there were disputes between Rome and the Hernici. In 495 BC the Hernici joined the Volsci in an unsuccessful invasion of Roman territory.〔Livy, ''Ab urbe condita'', 2:22〕 In 487 BC the Hernici again engaged the Romans in battle, and were defeated by the Romans under the leadership of the Roman consul Gaius Aquillius Tuscus.〔Livy, ''Ab urbe condita'', 2:40〕 In the following year, 486 BC, the Hernici entered into a treaty with Rome. Dionysius of Halicarnassus says the terms were similar to the ''foedus Cassianum'', a mutual military alliance between the Latin cities with Rome as the leading partner.〔Dionysius of Halicarnassus, ''Roman Antiquities'', 8.69.2〕 However it is unclear whether the Hernici were admitted as a party to that same treaty (i.e. making it a tripartite agreement), or to a separate similar treaty with Rome.〔Tim Cornell, ''Rome and Latium to 390 BC'', in ''The Cambridge Ancient History'', 2nd ed., vol. VII.2 (Cambridge: CUP 1989), ch. 6, pp. 243-308 at 276〕 The terms of the treaty included that the Hernici were to cede two thirds of their land.〔Livy, ''Ab urbe condita'', 2:41〕 Debate about the distribution of that land amongst Romans and the Latin allies caused discord in Rome, which in turn led to the trial and execution in 485 BC of the three-times consul Spurius Cassius Viscellinus for high treason, ironically having been the person who negotiated the treaty with both the Latin allies and the Hernici and for whom the treaty was named.〔Livy, ''Ab urbe condita'', 2:41〕 While the precise workings of the foedus Cassianum remains uncertain, its overall purpose seems clear. During the 5th century the Latins were threatened by invasion from the Aequi and the Volsci, as part of a larger pattern of Sabellian-speaking peoples migrating out of the Apennines and into the plains. Fighting is recorded against either the Aequi, the Volsci, or both, almost every year during the first half 5th century. This annual warfare would have been dominated by raids and counter-raids rather than the pitched battles described by the ancient sources. During the second half the 5th century the Latin-Hernician alliance appears to have stemmed the tide. The sources records the founding of several Roman colonies during this era, while mention of wars against the Aequi and Volsci become less frequent. At the same time this would lessen the need to maintain the alliance. This was especially true for Rome which after her conquest of Veii in 396 was clearly the most powerful state in Latium. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roman conquest of the Hernici」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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